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- $Unique_ID{BRK03610}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Clubfoot}
- $Subject{Clubfoot Calcaneal Valgus Calcaneovalgus Metatarsus Varus Talipes
- Calcaneus Talipes Equinus Talipes Equinovarus Talipes Varus Talipes Valgus
- Valgus Calcaneus}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1987, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 265:
- Clubfoot
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Clubfoot) is not the name
- you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the alternate names
- and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Calcaneal Valgus
- Calcaneovalgus
- Metatarsus Varus
- Talipes Calcaneus
- Talipes Equinus
- Talipes Equinovarus
- Talipes Varus
- Talipes Valgus
- Valgus Calcaneus
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Clubfoot is a word used for several kinds of ankle and foot deformities
- usually present at birth. The defect can be mild or severe, and it can
- happen to one foot or to both.
-
- Symptoms
-
- There are several types of clubfoot. They are as follows:
-
- EQUINOVARUS
- The foot is turned inward and downward . If both feet are affected the
- toes point toward each other instead of straight ahead. The heel cord often
- is very tight, making it impossible to bring the foot up to a normal position
- without a specialist's help.
-
- CALCANEAL VALGUS OR VALGUS CALCANEUS
- This type of clubfoot is more common. The foot is sharply angled at the
- heel, with the foot pointing up and outward.
-
- METATARSUS ADDUCTUS
- The front part of the foot is turned inward.
-
- METATARSUS VARUS
- The front part of the foot is turned inward and inverted. Although
- present at birth, this form of abnormality may not be diagnosed until the
- infant is a month to a few months old. With treatment the foot can look
- better and become more functional.
-
- In general, clubfoot is not painful and doesn't bother the baby until he
- or she begins to stand and walk. Since the ankle is twisted in place, the
- foot can't move up and down as it normally would in walking. The child must
- walk as if he were on a peg leg.
-
- If both feet are affected, the child walks on the balls of his feet. If
- the feet are badly twisted, the child will walk on the sides or even the top
- part of the feet instead of the soles. The part that comes in contact with
- the ground may become ulcerated, hard and lumpy, since it is not protected by
- the thick skin of the sole of the foot. The entire leg is sometimes unable
- to grow as it should.
-
- For more information on Clubfoot, see the article in the Prevalent Health
- Conditions/Concerns area of NORD Services.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Clubfoot isn't clear. In the past it was thought that the
- fetus' feet were twisted in the mother's womb. This is true only of cases
- that correct themselves after birth. Many scientists think the defect starts
- early in pregnancy, before the fetus is large enough to stay in one position
- very long.
-
- Clubfoot probably is caused by a combination of hereditary and other
- factors that may affect prenatal growth, such as infection, drugs, disease or
- other factors in the environment.
-
- Although most children with clubfoot have no other birth defects,
- occasionally there are other abnormalities as well. Children with an open
- spine (spina bifida) sometimes have a form of clubfoot. This is caused by
- damaged spinal nerves that affect the leg muscles. In other cases, feet
- which are normal at birth may become twisted as a result of muscle or nerve
- disease.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Clubfoot is usually present at birth. Approximately 9,000 babies (about one
- in 400 live births) are born annually in the United States with this
- congenital defect. Boys are affected twice as often as girls.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Clubfoot is started soon after birth. The aim is to force the
- twisted foot gradually and gently into place so that it can move up and down.
- In the mildest cases parents can be taught how to exercise the baby's foot.
- More often, plaster casts or surgery followed by exercise are needed. Most
- often, the doctor turns the foot forward as far as it can go, and puts a
- plaster cast on to hold it that way. At first, the cast is changed to bring
- the foot closer to normal through frequent adjustments. After the foot is
- straightened, it is tilted further upward to stretch the tightened heel cord.
- It is kept in this over-corrected position for a few weeks. The treatment
- usually requires three to six months, followed by checkups for many years by
- an orthopedist.
-
- In certain cases, some doctors use adhesive bandaging over a special type
- of splint instead of hard casts. After the bandages are off (or in some mild
- forms of clubfoot), the baby sleeps in shoes attached to a metal bar which
- holds the feet in a corrected position.
-
- Sometimes the heel cord is too tight to be stretched by a cast or
- bandaging, and the patient must undergo surgery to lengthen it.
-
- Immediate treatment for clubfoot using casts or strapping (not surgery),
- works in more than half of the cases.
-
- With expert early treatment, most patients grow up to wear regular shoes,
- can take part in sports, and lead full, active lives.
-
- Untreated, a clubfoot stays twisted and grows that way. If the defect is
- treated too late in childhood surgery may be successful, but the rest of the
- leg usually doesn't catch up in development.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through March
- 1987. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Clubfoot, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHHD)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- Clubfoot: Public Health Education Information Sheet, Health Education
- Information Sheet, March of Dimes (1983).
-
-